Other languages in afghanistan include turkic languages uzbek and turkmen, baluchi, pashai, nuristan, and. Hindko academy reprints rare books on history, culture. It is the provincial language in khyber pakhtunkhwa, pakistan. Origins of pashto language and phases of its literary evolution. In 1980, other regional languages were granted official status in the regions where they are the language of the majority. Rensch 1992 claimed that in popular usage hindko may refer to language as it was frequently used in old literature. The gandhara hindko academy, peshawar, has reprinted rare books on history, culture and archaeology penned by late scholar sardar muhammad jaffar who was popularly known as. Pashto pushto or pakhto is the official language of afghanistan. The hindko language folk songs are part of the novel as well. The name is found in greek references to the mountainous. The official languages of the country are dari and pashto, as established by the 1964 constitution of afghanistan.
Hindko is a dialect of punjabi the same way waziri and mehsud pashto are dialects of pashto. Besides pakistan, hindko is also spoken in afghanistan, where it is referred to as hindki and largely understood to be the language of its nonmuslim population, i. There is also a small diaspora in afghanistan, which includes members of the sikh community who. Pdf the learning of pashto in north india and pakistan. Secret languages of afghanistan and their speakers.
The men of wwii were the greatest generation, perhaps korea the forgotten, vietnam the trampled, cold war unsung and iraqi freedom and afghanistan vets underestimated. Pashto and persian dari, both indoeuropean languages, are the official languages of the country. After that, the first grammar book of pashto verbs was written in 1805 under the title of riyaz alma. A senior hindko writer, poet and research scholar, muhammad ziauddin, has written the foreword to the publication. The text draws on a profound knowledge of afghanistan and neighbouring regions, as well as the cultural and sociolinguistic processes at work across eurasia. Pashto speakers fled to peshawar from neighbouring afghanistan over. Pashto sometimes spelled pukhto or pakhto, is a language in the eastern iranian group of the. Official government documents in afghanistan are published in both languages. It is spoken by the pashtuns living in afghanistan, pakistan and india. When the invaders from afghanistan came to this area, they found a similar language being spoken from peshawar to up. During mid 1960s gurdwara sahib at karte parwan was built. Teacher guides teachers appreciate the opportunity to use stories from our own country together with modern, wellresearched teaching strategies. The inquiry into the history of the hazara mongols of afghanistan by e.
Rensch 1992 also attributes dialectal variation among the varieties of speech called hindko to their geographic location. William dalrymples top 10 books on afghanistan books. It has borders with pakistan in the south and east, iran in the west, turkmenistan, uzbekistan and tajikistan in. Pashto belongs to the indoeuropean languages family. In this way afghan children not only learn the literacy skills they need but also become familiar with these classic stories, think about them and learn from them. Numerous and frequentlyupdated resource results are available from this search. Pashto, designated a critical language by the us department of defense, is one of two official languages of afghanistan and is also spoken in parts of pakistan. In this page those books are available which or studying in hindko language schoo. Other resources for the bible in the kohat hindko language. Afghans often seem to have used pashto as a private language. Gateway to pakistan studies class 10 kpk text book board. Mohammad ziauddin has written the prologue while a hindko poet, sabeeh ahmad, has commented on the verses composed.
Afghanistan is bordered by iran on the west, by pakistan on the east and south, and by turkmenistan, uzbekistan, and tajikistan on the north. The commentary is in hindko dialect of west punjabi language. First bible publication in this language was in 1965. Hazara hindko, kagani, kaghani, northern hindko home page acknowledgments feedback powered by onehundredfold.
What is the official language of afghanistan and how many. The term hind changed to sind now i shall deal with the various explanations and arguments that say that the word hindu was the corruption of word sindu, point by point. Hindko literally the language of india is one of 72 tongues spoken. Practical guide to hindko grammar by halil dr toker.
Dari is the most widely spoken language of afghanistans official languages and acts as a lingua franca for the country. A senior hindko writer, poet and research scholar, mohammad ziauddin, has written the foreword to the publication. More than twofifths of the population speak pashto, the language of the pashtuns, while about half speak some dialect of persian. Allama iqbals persian work translated into hindko the. Afghanistan officially called islamic republic of afghanistan. Persian to its native speakers, the name was officially changed to dari in. Dari persian and pashto are the two official languages of afghanistan. Pashto language simple english wikipedia, the free. The people of afghanistan form a complex mosaic of ethnic and linguistic groups. List of books and articles about afghan history online.
He stated that being two important languages of the region pashto and hindko had. Afghanistan is a multilingual country in which two languages dari and pashto are both official and most widely spoken dari is the official name of the variety of persian language spoken in afghanistan. Hindko shares more than 23rds vocabulary with vernacular punjabi, especially the potohari dialect, so. Bisateshatranj a new book in dari, written by hassan raza changezi and. Going forward lets not send our servicemen and women off to war or conflict zones unless it is overwhelmingly justifiable and on moral high ground. Islamic and middle eastern studies jewish studies law library and information science, book studies.
How a language named after india came to be spoken in pakistan. Pashto and dari persian are the two official languages of afghanistan. It is, in fact, an alternative term for hindko used first by avesta the zoroastrians holy book meaning anything belonging to hind. The name hindko simply means indian of the indus, 2 and has been applied to various dialects spoken in northern pakistan, in the areas of the khyber pakhtunkhwa including hazara, punjab including attock, and pakistan administered kashmir, including by some pashtun tribes, as well as by the hindki people of afghanistan. From the viewpoint of some scholars hindko is a dialect of panjabi and to the others it is a. Then almost all mandirs and gurdwaras were repaired and rebuilt in 1970s. The study is a typological profile of 31 indoaryan ia languages in the. About 50 percent of afghans speak dari, and some 40 percent speak pashto. Oclcs webjunction has pulled together information and resources to assist library staff as they consider how to handle coronavirus. The strange and littleknown case of hindko livemint. The imperial gazetteer of india 1905 for north west.
A brief introduction of hindko language 472 the term hindki. Regerawaan of late khwaja ghulam fareed, penname fareedarsh, received professor muhammad shafi sabir award for the best urdu. Are hindkowans in afghanistannwfp descendents of ancient. A brief introduction of hindko language 473 difficult to classify due to a wide geographic range, linguistic divergence and some convergence with punjabi which is classified in central group 1979, 1980. Description a practical guide to hindko grammar hindko is one of the charming languages of the pakindo subcontinent which is spoken broadly in the districts of abbottabad, haripur, mansehra, attock and the cities like peshawar, nowshera, swabi, kohat and some other cities and towns of pakistan. Reliable information about the coronavirus covid19 is available from the world health organization current situation, international travel. Hindko project gutenberg selfpublishing ebooks read. The 185page book of hindko poetry such dey deway is by sabir hussain imdad.
Thus we are privileged to see the landscape, the people, and rulers, the events through different eyes. Afghanistan simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Both dari also called farsi and pashto belong to the indoeuropean family of languages. This is a study of an almost inaccessible area of the intricate linguistic fabric of afghanistan namely, its secret codes of communication. Besides pakistan, hindko is also spoken in afghanistan, where it is. Hindko is a cover term for a diverse group of lahnda western punjabi dialects spoken by. He said that pashto and hindko are two important languages of the region and have a great linguistic affinity. Niamatullah herawi had reflected the tradition in his book makhzani. Pakistans regional languages face extinction the national. The status of the dari and pashto languages has always been a sensitive issue in afghanistan.
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